The third-party logistics (3PL) business is tough, because
it covers a wide gamut of service offerings, that include some combination of:
- Just move my boxes and/or pallets.
- Move my boxes and/or pallets and store them in your warehouse.
- Move my boxes and/or pallets and operate my facility.
- Own all the labor and activities in my facility.
- Offer all distribution services for my product (All I will do is download my orders into your system/supply chain)
I’ve
even run into more complicated models of operation, including both tightly and
loosely coupled models. In a tightly-coupled model, the supply chain
systems of the 3PL, including orders, inventory, transportation, advanced
shipment notices, purchase orders, and more, are tightly integrated into the
shipper’s supply chain systems. All this information seamlessly flows between
both supply chain systems of the 3PL and the shipper. They stay in synch with
each other and the parties perform the functions in their respective
systems.
In a
loosely-coupled model, no such tight system integration exists. The 3PL
personnel have access to the shipper’s supply chain systems because they are
operating a shipper’s facility. There is no system integration
whatsoever. However, 3PL personnel are trained to log into the shipper’s
systems and are can do just about any function. The 3PL owns everything in
execution including labor and accountable for the labor costs.
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